Ruby is one of the premier gemstones in the colored gem market, distinguished by the allure of its versatile red shades, ranging from pinkish-red and vivid red to purplish-red. Each individual ruby naturally varies in intensity, brightness, color distribution, transparency, and internal inclusion characteristics. Gemologically and mineralogically, ruby belongs to the corundum species, the same as sapphire, with the chemical formula Al₂O₃. The red hue is produced by trace elements of chromium (Cr³⁺) substituting within the crystal structure, acting as the primary natural chromophore.
In addition to its beauty and strong physical properties, ruby features fascinating dimensions, including its geological origin, distinct inclusion characteristics, quality enhancement methods, and a long history of cultural beliefs as follows.
Read the gemstone guide
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