Green sapphire is a green variety of corundum. Individual stones differ in tone, saturation, color distribution, and transparency, and may show secondary yellowish-green or bluish-green hues. These variations give every green sapphire its own appearance.
Mineralogically, green sapphire has the chemical formula Al₂O₃, the same as ruby and other sapphires. Its color may result from combined absorption involving iron, including yellow components associated with Fe³⁺ and blue components associated with Fe²⁺–Ti⁴⁺ pairs. Vanadium may also contribute in some stones. The mechanisms and proportions vary with the composition of each gem.
(Note: Information about meanings and beliefs reflects historical and cultural records and is not a scientifically proven property.)
Green sapphire features fascinating details regarding its color mechanisms, Chanthaburi sapphire sources, cutting, and quality enhancements. Each aspect contributes to a deeper understanding of the gemstone's characteristics, as follows.
Read the gemstone guide
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